Missiles

Baktar-Shikan (Anti Tank Missile)

Pakistan produces this missile system under license as the Baktar-Shikan at Kahuta Research Laboratories. It is able to defeat explosive reactive armour (ERA)

Baktar-Shikan is a variant of HJ-8 that has been manufactured under license by Pakistan since the late 1990s and had a successful first test in July 1997. The missile and launch system can be quickly disassembled into four sub-units, each weighing less than 25 kg, making the system man-portable. Baktar-Shikan is also mounted on Pakistani armoured personnel carriers (APCs) and a modified air-launched variant is used to arm the AH-1 Cobra helicopter gunships and other helicopters of the Pakistan Army Aviation wing. Pakistan also exports Baktar-Shikan. The export version is credited to destroy all currently known tank targets with a 90% hit and penetration probability at a distance of 3 km. Baktar-Shikan has been exported to Bangladesh, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. An indoor training simulator is also available with Baktar-Shikan. It is an exact replica of the weapon and is used to train operators by simulating various target speeds, ranges and angles. The target's movement parameters can be adapted to the progressive skill level of the operator under training.  An optional laser aiming device is also being developed/ produced to increase accuracy at longer ranges. According to ISPR, between 1990 and 2010, Pakistan has produced 20,350 Baktar-Shikan missiles.

Operational Use

 Baktar-Shikan variant from Pakistan were supplied to Bosnian forces in the early 1990s. Used by Bosnian forces against Serbian tanks during the mid 1990s, the weapon proved effective enough to penetrate the frontal armour of the Serbian M-84 tanks.

Anza Surface to Air Missile)

Anza (Lance) is a series of shoulder-fired, man-portable surface-to-air missiles produced by Pakistan. Guided by an infra-red homing seeker, Anza is used for low level air defence.

Anza is produced by Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL), being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects. Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems. Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the Pakistan Army, with the Mk-III version being the most recent. The Anza is also offered for export, Malaysia being its only known export customer after receiving 100 Anza Mk-I in 2002 and, later, a further 500 Anza Mk-II systems.

Development and design

Some sources state that the Anza Mk-II was co-developed in a joint project by Pakistan and China. Pervez Musharraf has stated Pakistan cooperated with North Korea in the production of conventional weapons when it developed the Anza.

The Anza Mk-I entered service with the Pakistan Army in January 1990, followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994. Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the Pakistan Army was announced in 2006.

In recent years, Pakistan has advertised the Anza series for export,  displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the United Arab Emirates and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.

Training aids

The Mk-II is known to have the ATS-II Training Simulator included, which consists of a set of four Mk-II training missiles, four firing units, simulated ground batteries, cable interconnectors, PC-based control, monitoring and scoring unit with a target simulator made up of an infrared electric bulb moving along an overhead wire^]

The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza. It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices. The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.

Variants

§  Anza Mk-I - The first MANPADS produced by Pakistan for use by the Pakistan Army. Development is believed to have been assisted by China and the design is similar to the HN-5B MANPADS. According to a British source the Anza is a copy of the SA-7 Grail.  Approximately 1000 Anza Mk-I were produced between 1989-1998.

§  Anza Mk-II - A third generation MANPADS, believed to be based on the Chinese QW-1MANPADS. Uses a dual-band, cross-scan infra-red homing seeker to counter decoy flares.  Also believed to use American missile technology. Approximately 1350 Anza Mk-II were produced between 1994-2009.

§  Anza Mk-III - Believed to be based on the Chinese QW-2 MANPADS, modifications made to meet Pakistan Army requirements include a new firing unit similar to the Russian 9K38 Igla MANPADS. All-aspect attack capability and improved ECCM capability. The minimum altitude of 10 m gives capability to attack very low flying helicopters and cruise missiles. Also has a vehicle-mounted launcher variant.

Operators

Malaysia

Pakistan

Operational history

On 27 May 1999, the Anza Mk-II was used to attack Indian aircraft during the Kargil conflict with India. A MiG-21 and a MiG-27 of the Indian Air Force were shot down by Pakistan Army Air Defence forces.

In December 2002, it was reported that Indian soldiers of the 24 Rashtriya Rifles found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near the Line of Control in Kupwara, Kashmir. An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001. Pakistan denied supplying Anza systems to the militants. Reports have been circulated that an Anza MANPADS was fired at an Indian Air Force Antonov An-32 in 2002 over the Line of Control; the plane was able to land safely.

In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of Saudi Arabia and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.

In 2008, the Pakistan Army conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II  in a semi-desert area near Muzaffargarh ^] in response to covert attacks on targets in north-west Pakistan by American unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), also known as drones.  In November 2008, the chief of the Pakistan Air Force told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement. In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles

Specifications

	Anza Mk-I		Anza Mk-II		Anza Mk-III
Length (missile and booster)	1.44 m		1.447 m		1.59 m
Weight (launcher and missile)	15 kg		16.5 kg		18 kg
Missile weight	9.8 kg		10.68 kg		11.32 kg
Propulsion	Solid fuel rocket motor (solid fuel booster rocket on launch)
Guidance	Uncooled PbS passive infra-red homing seeker	Cooled InSb passive infra-red homing seeker		Dual-band infra-red homingseeker
Warhead	HE fragmentation (containing 0.37 kg HE) with contact and graze fusing	HE fragmentation (containing 0.55 kg HE) with contact and graze fusing		HE fragmentation (containing 1.42 kg HE) with contact and graze fusing
Average cruise speed	500 m/s	600 m/s		>600 m/s
Max maneuvering	6 g	16 g
Self destruction time	14 to 17 s	14 to 18 s
Slant range	1,200 m to 4,200 m	500 m to 5,000 m		6,000 m
Altitude	50 m to 2300 m	30 m to 4,000 m		10 m to 3,500 m
Weapon reaction time	5 s	3.5 s		3.5 s
Ready from the march	10 s	10 s		10 s
Battery life	40 s	50 s		50 s